BIG BRAIN TECHNOLOGIES: nano

Showing posts with label nano. Show all posts

Tuesday, July 29, 2014

Space1's Micro Spacecraft

SPACE1 MICRO SPACECRAFT
The past year in r/c hobby flight, the industry has seen advanced technical innovation introduced with helicopters, quad fliers, and other flying inventions. This has filtered down to the low cost toy store, thanks to the highly competitive China market with ability to make things cheaper, smaller, and at extremely lower cost than other products on the market.

To adapt this technology can result in yet newer innovations, at a fraction of the cost of their professional counterparts. Surprisingly, in the space industry, this may indicate the difference between $25 and 25 million dollars and development time of months instead of decades.

Space1 set out to develop the smallest spacecraft capable of connected human flight through experimental add-ons and modifications. The entire unmodified craft is about 11.9 grams in weight. When we attempted to attach a number 808 keychain camera, the added weight was a no go. A standard #808 camera weighs about 16 grams. Shedding the case can subtract 6 grams. This makes the camera just under the weight of the craft.

Friday, January 10, 2014

Exploring Space

EXPLORING SPACE
The chart illustrates how the Big Brain Machine and Humanoido Laboratories conduct their own space program. Various levels of space are defined according to their exploration programs and space definitions.

Humanoid robots are adaptable to space

The Big Brain machine has a manned space program and has launched humans into Next and Near Space approximately 40 times.

There is always a risk associated with manned space flight and as the distance from Earth increases, so does the risk.

The robust Micro Space program is relatively safe and used for academic purposes, having launched insects and various instruments into space.

Solar panels can power a tiny outpost in space

Solar System Space and Ultra Space is currently safely explored with the array of very powerful telescopes and Monster Machines.

This includes the newest M3T, IT, ET and OT space omnipresence telescopes that are able to exist in multiple places at the same time.

For example, the large Big Brain supercomputer that controls these telescopes remains on Earth at the Deep Space Center and at the Ultra Space Administration while the space parts and components are at numerous locations in space, called Adjuncts.

Brain in a jar technology

Brain in a Jar technology could keep the space station operating autonomously and evolve to various applications.

Our space program is interested in developing a micro space shuttle and a micro outpost in space. This is an ongoing project that began decades ago.

We've periodically blogged these ideas and worked on evolving the designs. Many of the designs developed, i.e. space telescope, could be integrated into the program. This would take exploration into Solar System Space and create orbital flights. We are reaching the crossroads in space exploration and foresee a new technology breakthrough.

We are at the crossroads of space and time

Conjecturing, we wonder if the next step into space for man will be represented by the human being transformed into a space faring humanoid avatar.

Our solar system space program could be conducted with space stations, shuttles and other space equipment designed for humanoid robots which won't need to breathe air, eat bulky food, drink water, or create waste products as we know it. They will also have a greater range of thermal operations.

Friday, October 5, 2012

Propeller Nano Pulsar

GMM Microscope image of a Nano Pulsar

PROPELLER CHIP NANO PULSAR
NANO Technology is here for the Propeller chip! Take a look at this Nano Pulsar created from Propeller SPIN code that operates inside a single Parallax Propeller chip!

This Nano Pulsar is a mere 10-ns to one side and represents the fastest machine inside the chip, currently known in the Propeller world!

Propeller aficionados may be aware of some techniques provided by Parallax to enable the programming of registers belonging to a configurable state machine. There are 32 different modes that program the most spectacular machines. There are two counter modules per Cog with eight Cogs to a single chip for a total of sixteen powerful state machines. The Brain has taken just one Propeller Counter Module and configured it to a powerful Nanotechnology 10-ns Machine.

{
      ************************************************************************
      ************************************************************************
      ***                                                                  ***
      ***               Propeller Nano Pulsar 2             ***
      ***                  Nano Result at Pin                        ***
      ***                        prop_pulsar2.spin                         ***
      ***                                                                  ***
      ***                                                                  ***
      ***                             V01.0                                ***
      ***                           Humanoido                              ***
      ***                                                                  ***
      ***                                                                  ***
      ************************************************************************
}
CON
                 ' Declare constants, Feedback/PLL multiplier
   _clkmode = xtal1 + pll16x
                 ' External oscillator 6.25 MHz Crystal for 100MHz
   _xinfreq = 6_250_000
                 ' 200MIPs, 25MIPs/Cog PUB Toggle3(Pin)
                 'Use cog's counter module, toggle at clock speed
dira[Pin]~~      'Set I/O pin to output
                 ' mode PLL BPIN APIN
ctra := 100_000 << 23 + 1 << 9 + Pin
                 'Establish mode and APIN (BPIN ignored)
                 'Set FRQA so PHSA[31] toggles every clock
frqa := $8000_0000
repeat           'infinity loop

Sunday, September 30, 2012

Nanoscale & Beyond

NANOSCALE AND BEYOND

Referencing the International System of Units, the prefix "nano" means one-billionth, or 10^-9. One nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. Here are some approximated examples:

A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick
A strand of human DNA is 2.5 nanometers in diameter
There are 25,400,000 nanometers in one inch
A human hair is ~ 80,000- 100,000 nanometers wide
A single gold atom is about 1/3 nanometer in diameter
If a marble was one nanometer, the Earth would be one meter
A fingernail grows ~ a nanometer in one second

The magnitude of ns is often applied to telecommunications, pulsed lasers, areas of electronics, and for the Lab, nanoscopic machines, nano pulsars, fast time base windows, measurement yardstick for the microscopic, particle references, travel speedometer for electromagnetic radiation, i.e. a tool for referencing speed in various substances with the index of refraction, a base for cold fusion and other fusion reactions, molecular microscopy, and undoubtedly a clock for high speed event objects internal and external to the chip.

Example of NS Events

0.5 - average life of some molecules
0.1 - cycle time for radio frequency 1 GHz, an inverse unit
1.017 - time for light to travel one foot
3.3356 - light travels 1 meter in a vacuum
10 - one generation of a chain reaction (nuclear)
12 - half life of K Meson
100 - cycle time for 10MHz frequency

Although we measure the propeller chip in millions of instructions per second, relatively speaking, one could just as easily offer measurements in the number of calculations per nanosecond. For example, a cog can reach a theoretical 20 MIPS which is one instruction every .00000005 second. This is equal to one instruction every 50 nanoseconds. However it may sound faster calling it one instruction every .05 microsecond.

Molecular is sometimes refered to the range of 100 to 10,000 nanometers.

The smallest objects that the unaided human eye can see are about 0.1 mm long. That means that under the right conditions, you might be able to see an ameoba proteus, a human egg, and a paramecium without using magnification.

1.616x10^-35 m

the Planck length (the smallest measurement of length that has meaning)

1x10^-15 m	1x10^-15 m	one fermi
1 fm	1x10^-15 m	diameter of proton (in the nucleus)
2.2 fm	2.2x10^-15 m	classical diameter of neutron
3.8 fm	3.8x10^-15 m	diameter of the nucleus of a helium atom
5.635882 fm	5.635882x10^-15 m	classical diameter of an electron
7.2 fm	7.2x10^-15 m	diameter of the nucleus of an aluminum atom
14 fm	1.4x10^-14 m	diameter of the nucleus of a gold atom

14 fm	1.4x10^-14 m	diameter of the nucleus of a gold atom
1,000 fm	1x10^-12 m	one picometer

1 pm	1x10^-12 m	wavelength of gamma rays
38 pm	3.8x10^-11 m	diameter of flourine ion
52.9 pm	5.29x10^-11 m	most likely distance from electron to nucleus in a hydrogen atom (bohr radius)
74.13 pm	7.413x10^-11 m	distance between bonded hydrogen atoms
100 pm	1x10^-10 m	one angstrom
120 pm	1.2x10^-10 m	Van Der Waals radius of hydrogen atoms (max distance between atoms that are not bonded)
200 pm	2x10^-10 m	resolution (size of smallest visible object) of a transmission electron microscope
248.2 pm	2.482x10^-10 m	distance between bonded iron atoms
275 pm	2.75x10^-10 m	Van Der Waals radius of potassium atoms (max distance between atoms that are not bonded)
282 pm	3x10^-10 m	diameter of water molecule
340 pm	3.4x10^-10 m	distance between base pairs in a DNA molecule
380 pm	3.8x10^-10 m	diameter of xenon ion
530.9 pm	5.309x10^-10 m	distance between bonded cesium atoms

530.9 pm	5.309x10^-10 m	distance between bonded cesium atoms
1,000 pm	1x10^-9 m	one nanometer
1 nm	1x10^-9 m	diameter of glucose molecule
2 nm	2x10^-9 m	diameter of DNA helix
5 nm	5x10^-9 m	diameter of insulin molecule
6 nm	6x10^-9 m	diameter of a hemoglobin molecule
10 nm	1x10^-8 m	thickness of cell wall (gram negative bacteria)
75 nm	7.5x10^-8 m	size of typical virus
90 nm	9x10^-8 m	length of transistor gate in a Pentium 4 chip (minimum feature size)
125 nm	1.25x10^-7 m	thickness of gold leaf
130 nm	1.3x10^-7 m	length of transistor gate in a Pentium 3 chip (1.4 Ghz)
200 nm	2x10^-7 m	diameter of smallest bacteria
200 nm	2x10^-7 m	resolution (size of smallest visible object) of an optical microscope

260 nm	2.6x10^-7 m	length of the smallest transistor in a Pentium 3 chip
410 nm	4.1x10^-7 m	wavelength of violet light
680 nm	6.8x10^-7 m	wavelength of red light
1,000 nm	1x10^-6 m	one micrometer (micron)
1 µm	1x10^-6 m	size of typical bacterium
1 µm	1x10^-6 m	diameter of sperm cell
1.5 µm	1.5x10^-6 m	length of transistor gate in an Intel 286 chip
1.7 µm	1.7x10^-6 m	diameter of average human cell nucleus
2.4 µm	2.4x10^-6 m	thickness of red blood cell
3 µm	3x10^-6 m	length of transistor gate in an Intel 8086 chip
4 µm	4x10^-6 m	diameter of capillary
7 µm	7x10^-6 m	diameter of a single yeast organism
8.4 µm	8.4x10^-6 m	diameter of red blood cell
10 µm	1x10^-5 m	diameter of average cell in human body
10 µm	1x10^-5 m	size of a grain of talcum powder
16 µm	1.6x10^-5 m	length of the smallest transistor in the first 6502 chips

16 µm	1.6x10^-5 m	length of the smallest transistor in the first 6502 chips
20 µm	2x10^-5 m	length of the smallest transistor in an Intel 4004 (the first microprocessor)
20 µm	2.0x10^-5 m	diameter of a small grain of sand
25 µm	2.5x10^-5 m	length of sperm cell
25 µm	2.5x10^-5 m	diameter of a human hair
83.82 µm	8.382x10^-5 m	typical thickness of a piece of paper
100 µm	1x10^-4 m	mimimum size of object the human eye can resolve unaided
100 µm	1x10^-4 m	diameter of human fertilized egg cell
100 µm	1x10^-4 m	size of a grain of salt
110 µm	1.1x10^-4 m	thickness of a dollar bill
300 µm	3x10^-4 m	diameter of a period on a typewriter
375 µm	3.7x10^-4 m	diameter of the most common type of optical fiber
750 µm	7.5x10^-4 m	size of largest known bacterium
1,000 µm	1x10^-3 m	one millimeter
1.7 mm	1.7x10^-3 m	diameter of the head of the average pin
2 mm	2x10^-3 m	diameter of a large grain of sand

2 mm	2x10^-3 m	diameter of a large grain of sand
2 mm	2x10^-3 m	size of a small ant
4.234 mm	4.234x10^-3 m	height of a line of text in 12-point type
10 mm	1x10^-2 m	one centimeter
1.7 cm	1.7x10^-2 m	wavelength of 20khz note (highest that can be heard) at 27 degrees celsius
2.5 cm	2.5x10^-2 m	size of a large ant
2.54 cm	2.540x10^-2 m	one inch
8.5 cm	8.5x10^-2 m	length of largest human chromosome if it were stretched end-to-end
12.2 cm	1.22x10^-1 m	wavelength of microwaves in a microwave oven
30 cm	3.0x10^-1 m	one foot
79 cm	7.9x10^-1 m	wavelength of 440 hertz note (A above middle C) at 27 degrees celsius
91 cm	9.1x10^-1 m	one yard
1 m	1 m	one meter

1 m	1 m	one meter
3 m	3 m	average wavelength of FM radio waves
17 m	1.7x10¹ m	wavelength of 20 hertz note (lowest that can be heard) at 27 degrees celsius
299.7925 m	2.997925x10² m	distance light travels in one microsecond, in a vacuum
343 m	3.43x10² m	distance sound travels in one second (at 20 degress celsius)
415 m	4.1x10² m	distance a bullet travels per second, when fired from a .22

415 m	4.1x10² m	distance a bullet travels per second, when fired from a .22
1,000 m	1x10³ m	one kilometer
1.609344 km	1.609344x10³ m	one mile
4.3 km	4.3x10³ m	thickness of Greenland ice cap, at thickest point
4.47 km	4.47x10³ m	greatest measured thickness of antarctic ice cap
8.85 km	8.85x10³ m	height of Mount Everest
10.294 km	1.0294x10⁴ m	depth of Marianas Trench
11 km	1.1x10⁴ m	average height of top of troposphere (layer of atmosphere affected by weather)
29.78 km	2.978x10⁴ m	distance the earth travels per second in its orbit
48 km	4.8x10⁴ m	average height of top of stratosphere (layer of atmosphere containing ozone; free of weather, good for flying)
50 km	5x10⁴ m	depth of earth's crust
60 km	6x10⁴ m	thickness of ozone layer
80 km	8x10⁴ m	height of ionosphere (ionized region which reflects radio waves)
80 km	8x10⁴ m	average height of top of mesosphere (strong currents, unstable, bad for flying)
160 km	1x10⁵ m	100 miles
299.7925 km	2.997925x10⁵ m	distance light travels in one millisecond, in a vacuum

299.7925 km	2.997925x10⁵ m	distance light travels in one millisecond, in a vacuum
300 km	3x10⁵ m	height of space shuttle's typical orbit
354 km	3.54x10⁵ m	average altitude of International Space Station
640 km	6.4x10⁵ m	height of lowest point of inner Van Allen belt
792 km	7.92x10⁵ m	altitude of Iridium satellites (LEO)
825 km	8.25x10⁵ m	altitude of Orbcomm satellites (LEO)
914 km	9.14x10⁵ m	diameter of the asteroid Ceres
1,000 km	1x10⁶ m	thickness of earth's atmosphere
1,375 km	1.375x10⁶ m	height of Teledesic (low-earth orbit) satellites
1,414 km	1.414x10⁶ m	altitude of Globalstar satellites (LEO)
2,274 km	2.274x10⁶ m	diameter of Pluto at its equator
2,890 km	2.89x10⁶ m	depth of earth's outer (liquid) core
3,474.8 km	3.4748x10⁶ m	diameter of moon
3,962 km	3.962x10⁶ m	distance from New York to Los Angeles
4,879.4 km	4.8794x10⁶ m	diameter of Mercury at its equator
5,150 km	5.150x10⁶ m	diameter of Titan

5,150 km	5.150x10⁶ m	diameter of Titan
5,150 km	5.15x10⁶ m	depth of earth's inner (solid) core
5,200 km	5.2x10⁶ m	height of highest point of outer Van Allen belt
5,262 km	5.262x10⁶ m	diameter of Ganymede
5,613 km	5.613x10⁶ m	distance from New York to London
6,378.14 km	6.37814x10⁶ m	distance to center of Earth
6,794.4 km	6.7944x10⁶ m	diameter of Mars at its equator
9,084 km	9.084x10⁶ m	distance from London to Los Angeles
9,380 km	9.38x10⁶ m	mean distance from Phobos to Mars
10,390 km	1.039x10⁷ m	altitude of ICO satellites (MEO)
12,103 km	1.2103x10⁷ m	diameter of Venus at its equator
12,756.2 km	1.27562x10⁷ m	diameter of Earth at its equator
20,200 km	2.02x10⁷ m	altitude of GPS satellites
23,460 km	2.346x10⁷ m	mean distance from Deimos to Mars
35,800 km	3.58x10⁷ m	height of satellite in geostationary orbit
47,810 km	4.781x10⁷ m	min initial altitude of Geotail satellite (VHO)

47,810 km	4.781x10⁷ m	min initial altitude of Geotail satellite (VHO)
49,492 km	4.9492x10⁷ m	diameter of Neptune at its equator
51,118 km	5.1118x10⁷ m	diameter of Uranus at its equator
120,536 km	1.2053x10⁸ m	diameter of Saturn at its equator
142,984 km	1.4298x10⁸ m	diameter of Jupiter at its equator
299,792.5 km	2.997925x10⁸ m	distance light travels in one second, in a vacuum
384,400 km	3.844x10⁸ m	mean distance from earth to moon
868,912 km	8.68912x10⁸ m	max initial altitude of Geotail satellite (VHO)
1,070,000 km	1.07x10⁹ m	mean distance from Jupiter to Ganymede
1,221,850 km	1.22185x10⁹ m	mean distance from Saturn to Titan
1,390,000 km	1.39x10⁹ m	diameter of sun at its equator
1,500,000 km	1.5x10⁹ m	distance to SOHO satellite (L1 Lagrange point)

1,500,000 km	1.5x10⁹ m	distance to SOHO satellite (L1 Lagrange point)
17,987,550 km	1.798755x10¹⁰ m	distance light travels in one minute, in a vacuum
57,910,000 km	5.791x10¹⁰ m	mean distance of Mercury from the sun
108,200,000 km	1.082x10¹¹ m	mean distance of Venus from the sun
1 AU	1.4959787x10¹¹ m	mean distance of Earth from the sun (one astronomical unit)
1.5236 AU	2.2794x10¹¹ m	mean distance of Mars from the sun
2.766 AU	4.139x10¹¹ m	mean distance of the asteroid Ceres from the sun
5.2028 AU	7.7833x10¹¹ m	mean distance of Jupiter from the sun
7.2143607 AU	1.079253x10¹² m	distance light travels in one hour, in a vacuum

7.2143607 AU	1.079253x10¹² m	distance light travels in one hour, in a vacuum
9.5549 AU	1.4294x10¹² m	mean distance of Saturn from the sun
19.1913 AU	2.87099x10¹² m	mean distance of Uranus from the sun
30.109 AU	4.5043x10¹² m	mean distance of Neptune from the sun
34 AU	5.2x10¹² m	maximum distance of Halley's Comet from the sun
39.5294 AU	5.91352x10¹² m	mean distance of Pluto from the sun
43.8 AU	6.56x10¹² m	distance of QB1 object from Sun
62.32 AU	9.323x10¹² m	current distance of Voyager 2 from sun (as of 10/27/00)
79.125 AU	1.1837x10¹³ m	current distance of Voyager 1 from sun (as of 10/27/00)
80 AU	1x10¹³ m	termination shock--point at which solar wind becomes subsonic
134 AU	2.0x10¹³ m	heliopause (outer edge of Sun's magnetic field)
134 AU	2.01x10¹³ m	distance of 1996 TL66 object from Sun
173.14464 AU	2.590207x10¹³ m	distance light travels in one day, in a vacuum
372 AU	5.56x10¹³ m	maximum distance of comet Hale-Bopp from the sun
1,212.0125 AU	1.813145x10¹⁴ m	distance light travels in one week, in a vacuum

1,212.0125 AU	1.813145x10¹⁴ m	distance light travels in one week, in a vacuum
25,000 AU	3.7x10¹⁵ m	possible distance of Sol B from Sun
63,239.737 AU	9.460530x10¹⁵ m	distance light travels in one year (one light-year)
1.5 ly	1.4x10¹⁶ m	possible edge of Oort cloud
3.26 ly	3.08x10¹⁶ m	one parsec
4.22 ly	3.99x10¹⁶ m	distance to the star Proxima Centauri (nearest star other than sun)
4.3 ly	4.1x10¹⁶ m	distance to the stars Alpha Centauri A and B
8.6 ly	8.1x10¹⁶ m	distance to the star Sirius

8.6 ly	8.1x10¹⁶ m	distance to the star Sirius
25.2 ly	2.39x10¹⁷ m	distance to the star Vega
33 ly	3.2x10¹⁷ m	distance to the star Pollux
36 ly	3.5x10¹⁷ m	distance to the star Arcturus
51 ly	4.9x10¹⁷ m	distance to the star Castor
77 ly	7.3x10¹⁷ m	distance to the star Regulus
300 ly	2x10¹⁸ m	thickness of Milky Way Galaxy
430 ly	4.0x10¹⁸ m	distance to the star Polaris
1.6 kly	1.5x10¹⁹ m	distance to Horsehead Nebula

1.6 kly	1.5x10¹⁹ m	distance to Horsehead Nebula
20 kly	1x10²⁰ m	diameter of Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy
27 kly	2.6x10²⁰ m	distance to center of Milky Way Galaxy
44 kly	4.2x10²⁰ m	diameter of M33 galaxy
162 kly	1.54x10²¹ m	diameter of Milky Way Galaxy
200 kly	1x10²¹ m	distance to Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy
200 kly	1x10²¹ m	diameter of M31 galaxy
300 kly	2x10²¹ m	distance to Small Magellanic Cloud galaxy

300 kly	2x10²¹ m	distance to Small Magellanic Cloud galaxy
2,200 kly	2.0x10²² m	distance to Andromeda galaxy
3,000 kly	2x10²² m	distance to Pisces galaxy
4,000 kly	3x10²² m	distance to IC 10 galaxy
5,000 kly	4x10²² m	distance to Pegasus galaxy
11,000 kly	1.0x10²³ m	distance to the M81 galaxy cluster
15,000 kly	1.4x10²³ m	distance to the M83 galaxy
27,000 kly	2.5x10²³ m	distance to the M101 galaxy
35,000 kly	3.3x10²³ m	distance to the M66 galaxy cluster
37,000 kly	3.5x10²³ m	distance to the M51 galaxy cluster
38,000 kly	3.5x10²³ m	distance to the M95 galaxy
41,000 kly	3.8x10²³ m	distance to the M96 galaxy
60,000 kly	5x10²³ m	distance to the Virgo galaxy cluster

60,000 kly	5x10²³ m	distance to the Virgo galaxy cluster
340,000 kly	3.2x10²⁴ m	distance to the Coma galaxy cluster
2,000,000 kly	1x10²⁵ m	distance to brightest quasar (3C 273)
4,000,000 kly	3x10²⁵ m	distance to quasar 3C 48
26,000,000 kly	2.4x10²⁶ m	distance to farthest known object (quasar SDSS_1044_0125)

LINKS
http://www.falstad.com/scale/

PAGES