Showing posts with label neurobiology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label neurobiology. Show all posts

Thursday, November 18, 2021

Plant Brain Neuro Behavior

PLANT BRAIN NEUROBIOLOGY
Can You Outthink a Plant? Can a Human Think and React Faster than a Plant?
An international research team has uncovered the answer to a decades-old question - how do plants forget? Like humans, plants have memories too, although they do it differently. For example, many plants sense and remember prolonged cold during winter to ensure that they flower in spring. This "epigenetic memory" occurs by modifying specialized proteins called histones, which are important for packaging and indexing DNA in the cell.

One such histone modification called H3K27me3 marks genes that are turned off. In the case of flowering, cold conditions cause H3K27me3 to accumulate at genes that control flowering. Previous work has shown how H3K27me3 is faithfully transmitted from cell to cell so that in spring, plants remember that winter is over, allowing them to flower at the right time. Once they've flowered and made seeds, the seeds need to forget this ‘memory' of the cold so that they do not flower too soon when winter comes around again. Since H3K27me3 is faithfully copied from cell to cell, how do plants go about forgetting this memory in seeds?

Plants Can Count - Short Term Memory & Counting
The carnivorous Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) can count to five: A team led by biophysicist Rainer Hedrich, professor at Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU) Würzburg in Bavaria, Germany, proved this in 2016. This finding received worldwide attention in science and the media. In 2019, the JMU plant scientist was awarded the Koselleck Research Prize of the German Research Foundation (DFG) worth 1.5 million euros – and with it the opportunity to find out how the carnivorous plant counts. This is now shown by a Japanese research team, led by the developmental biologist Professor Mitsuyasu Hasebe from the University of Okazaki, and Rainer Hedrich's team in the journal Nature Plants.

If a prey touches one of the sensory hairs on the inner trap side of Dionaea, the mechanical stimulus is converted into an electrical signal. This so-called action potential spreads over the entire trap. As a reaction to this, nothing happens at first. But when within 30 seconds a second action potential electrically excites the trap, it snaps shut. If, on the other hand, the second stimulus takes longer, the first action potential is erased from the short-term memory of the Venus flytrap.

The Roots of a Plants True Brain
One important mistake that people usually make, is thinking that plants are just sessile organisms that are green and produce the oxygen we breath. They are right in part, plants do produce oxygen through photosynthesis. However, they also do grow constantly, breath, move and “talk” to each other. How can plants be able to do all these things? The answer is simple, and just like us, they have a brain. A plant with a brain you might ask? How is that possible? The answer is quite simple, plants indeed do have brains, just not in the shape that first comes to mind. The plant’s “brain” is their roots.

Plants Have IQ Intelligence
But researchers, says Pollan, have played a recording of a caterpillar munching on a leaf to plants — and the plants react. They begin to secrete defensive chemicals — even though the plant isn't really threatened, Pollan says. "It is somehow hearing what is, to it, a terrifying sound of a caterpillar munching on its leaves."

Pollan says plants have all the same senses as humans, and then some. In addition to hearing, taste, for example, they can sense gravity, the presence of water, or even feel that an obstruction is in the way of its roots, before coming into contact with it. Plant roots will shift direction, he says, to avoid obstacles. So what about pain? Do plants feel? Pollan says they do respond to anesthetics. "You can put a plant out with a human anesthetic. ... And not only that, plants produce their own compounds that are anesthetic to us." 

Plants have Consciousness, Feelings, Pain and
Human Level Intelligence!
Depth analysis of plant consciousness since the turn of the (new) millennium is finding that their brain capacity is much larger than previously supposed, that their neural systems are highly developed—in many instances as much as that of humans, and that they make and utilize neurotransmitters identical to our own. It is beginning to seem that plants are highly intelligent, feeling beings—perhaps as much or even more so than humans in some instances. (They can even perform sophisticated mathematical computations and make future plans based on extrapolations of current conditions. The mayapple, for instance, plans its growth two years in advance based on weather patterns.)

Plant Cognition Gnosophysiology - I Think Therefore I Am
Plants have cognition: the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. Plant cognition or plant gnosophysiology is the study of the mental capacities of plants. It explores the idea that plants are capable of responding to and learning from stimuli in their surroundings in order to choose and make decisions that are most appropriate to ensure survival. Over recent years, experimental evidence for the cognitive nature of plants has grown rapidly and has revealed the extent to which plants can use senses and cognition to respond to their environments. Some researchers claim that plants process information in similar ways as animal nervous systems.

Wednesday, November 17, 2021

Sentient Plant Brain Grows

PLANT NEUROBIOLOGY
Sentient Plant Brain Grows

by Humanoido

I started growing plant brains. Follow along in a series of blogs for all the DIY info.

When given the opportunity to access a hydroponics bay, the sentient plant immediately started growing new brain parts and sent those parts into the hydro wet nourishment abyss.

This resulted in over a handful of new existentialistic brain pathway stems forming a greater system network.

Photo: Humanoido photographs over a handful of new plant brain in brain view distributary extensions. This resulted when a hydroponics bay was offered to the plant. The plant began to send out brain shoots and has continued ever since the bay was available. This has resulted in more leaves, larger leaves, and a faster rate of growth. It's anticipated the plant brain will continue to grow, eventually amassing a much larger entangled web of thought pathways.

PLANTS HAVE BRAINS
Plants have a completely different anatomy from humans, therefore it's not surprising the plant brain can be found in their roots. The root system controls numerous and vital processes in the plant, even functioning as its “heart” by pumping water and nutrients across the whole plant. According to plant neurobiology, it is claimed that plants exhibit intelligent behavior, and that they possess internal control structures in many ways functionally similar to neuron-based control structures.

POTENTIAL PLANT BRAIN EXPERIMENTS
In this proposal for a future project, by Humanoido, a tap is generated into the plant brain using electrodynamic sensors and computerized real time microprocessor software to read the word states of the network and control structures. A system of brain thought language might be developed. Once the language is developed, a translator from plant language to English may be synthesized. This language would offer cross sectional spotlights of parametric communicative data commensurate with the plants spatial and time metabolics.

PLANT NEUROBIOLOGY
Plants are highly evolved multicellular creatures that must coordinate their behavior in responses to a wide variety of internal and external signals. One would expect that these creatures have evolved their own conductive devices for this purpose. In particular when the huge size of some plants is taken into account, the presence of long distance signaling seems to be essential and the functional need for a nervous system—or at least a neuroid system as described by Mackie—seems obvious.

PLANT TARGETS
The difference between plant neurobiology and other basic disciplines resides in the target of these interdisciplinary efforts. Plant neurobiology aims to achieve a scientific understanding of the integration of plant sensation and response. The target is the scientific understanding of how metabolism and growth can be regulated by the endogenous integration and processing of information. 

PLANT SIGNALING & THE ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL
Plant neurobiology stresses the integrated signaling and electrophysiological properties of plant networks of cells. As Balusˇka et al. (2006) point out: Each root apex is proposed to harbor brain-like units of the nervous system of plants. The number of root apices in the plant body is high, and all ‘‘brain units’’ are interconnected via vascular strands (plant neurons) with their polarly-transported auxin (plant neurotransmitter), to form a serial (parallel) neuronal system of
plants. (p. 28).

Plants: Adaptive behavior, root-brains, and minimal cognition