FM Radio Station Notes Part 24

FM RADIO STATION NOTES PART 24

TUTORIAL: How Radio Waves are Produced
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAcDM2ypBfE#t=186

FM TRANSMITTER
As a reference to going even smaller and more simple, this schematic shows possibly the most simple one transistor FM radio voice transmitter design, using a common 2N2222 transistor and only three capacitors and two resistors. There's only 7 electronic parts total to this assembly plus batteries and the antenna. A power on/off SPST switch should be added to the schematic.

Parts List
R1 Resistor 4.7K
R2 Resistor 220 ohms
C1 Capacitor .01uf
C2 Capacitor 33pf
C3 Capacitor 6.8pf
L1 Coil
Electret Microphone
2 - 1.5 Volt Battery

A slightly modified version is at this web site:
http://www.sentex.ca/~mec1995/circ/fmt2.htm
http://www.sentex.net/~mec1995/circ/circuits.htm

FM RECEIVER
The video also includes a schematic diagram for a very simple matching two stage FM radio receiver. This battery driven radio has only two transistors, amounting to 6 electronic parts plus batteries, switch and antenna.

Parts List
R1 Resistor 12K
C1 Capacitor 220n
T1, T2 Transistor BF199
C Variable Capacitor
3 Volt Battery
SPST Switch
Earphones
Antenna

BF199 transistor data sheet
http://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/2947/MOTOROLA/BF199.html

MOST SIMPLE FM TRANSMITTER
The simple FM transmitter circuit shown above is a spinoff of this project. It uses only one resistor, one capacitor, one transistor and one coil. The article is found all over the web. It has no microphone but the coil is so microphonic that it will pick up noises in the room via vibrations on a table. The circuit does not have any section that actively tunes the frequency. The transistor turns on via the 47k resistor and this puts a pulse through the 15 turn winding. The magnetic flux from this winding passes through the 6 turn winding and into the base of the transistor via the 22n capacitor. This pulse is amplified by the transistor and the circuit is kept active. The frequency is determined by the 6 turn coil. By moving the turns together, the frequency will decrease.  The circuit transmits at 90MHz which is at the low end of the 88 to 108 MHz FM band. It has a very poor range and consumes 16mA.

http://www.circuitlab.org/2013/02/schematics-easy-build-rf-transmitter.html

http://skema-elektronik.blogspot.tw/2011_02_01_archive.html

http://circuit-diagram.hqew.net/Simplest-RF-Transmitter-circuit-diagram_4095.html

http://www.talkingelectronics.com/projects/Spy%20Circuits/SpyCircuits-1.html

This Google search link will find a lot more simple FM radio transmitter schematics and projects.

SIMPLEST FM TRANSMITTER
Here's another link to a project claiming also to be the simplest FM transmitter ever made.
http://circuitsdiy.com/the-simplest-f-m-transmitter-ever-made/

This circuit has audio input and needs only 2 resistors and 3 capacitors plus a coil and transistor.

"For input from low power output devices, such as mobile, computer’s sound card, the value of the unlabeled capacitor is 0.1 or 104. For higher wattage outputs, the value is 0.01 or 103. An optional microphone pre-amp can be also added in this circuit to enable it transmit voice directly."

ANTENNA
One idea to create the small transmitter antenna is to use a small wheel bicycle used spoke from a children's bike available from a bike shop probably for free.

How to Change a Dark Detector into an FM Transmitter
http://www.buildcircuit.com/fm-transmitter-and-dark-sensor/

A dark sensor can be converted to a simple FM transmitter using a similar schematic layout.

The dark sensor will light the LED as the output indicator. The transmitter substituted a microphone for the LDR.

FM TRANSMITTER
This FM transmitter is very sensitive and it has transmitting range of 30 meters with a 9-volt battery. Reducing battery power will reduce transmitter range.

Comments given at the link about the transmitter
The circuit may work but it relies on a “Q-factor” from the coil and capacitor in the tank circuit to produce a high voltage.

This high voltage gives the circuit a good range. Firstly the coil and capacitor should be near each other. The coil should not have long leads. and a 22n capacitor should be across the supply to give the circuit better performance. The value of C2 is too high. It should be 10p. The coil should be 5 turns. The electret mic should not be connected directly to the base of the transistor.

Gravatomic Machine

GRAVATOMIC MACHINE
The new Gravatomic Machine is seeking out new gravitational anomalies in space and beyond. In particular, The G machine is being used on the new GGT Telescope to break cosmic barriers and seek out new space in between the Multiverse. The G machine may become the tool necessary to break through the warped space time curvature of this universe and transcend to a new realm.

There are some areas where space and time does not exist, and other areas where space and time are mixed with different types. It takes special equipment and special telescopes to seek out these regions and perform studies to gain more knowledge and understanding of their inner mechanisms and how they work, and where they reside.

The G machine works in several ways. By setting gravitometric data based on point to point observations of objects undergoing space time specific gravity wave transforms and comparing to the most massive positional changes and object reformations with a cache of scattered scale reference objects, relative static devices, a scale of gravitometric lensing foci imaging and mapping is achieved.

This is used to forward the image of the causation source resulting in imagery when pipelined to/from a telescope such as the new GGT. How fast can the G  Machine work? The  machine is now in the testing phase and more information will become available. The G machine uses several constructs and it will take time to test and experiment with each.

The First Gravatomic Machine - 12 Functioning Guts
01) Static Mechanism Identifiers Array SMIA
02) Cached SMI Unit to hold the object array CSMIU
03) Gravity Wave Transforms GWT
04) Calibratory Unit to adjust to space time CUSP
05) Internal Measurement Mapper IMM
06) Cosmic Gravitometric Comparator CGC
07) Induction Extrapolator
08) Resultant Contender Device RCD
09) Foci Collector FC
10) Universal Expansion Recorder UER
11) Object Interpolator OI
12) Massive Imaging Coils MIC

The G machine currently uses a supercomputer at the ULTRA site and GGT Operations Center to execute functions and to achieve a reasonable speed of operations. More information will follow as the G machine undergoes testing, debugging, and potential rewiring improvements, along with GGT Telescope pipelining. The G machine is also referred to as the Super Gravatomic Machine SGM in previous posts and documents, and adds all twelve functions to the GGT controls.

Time Travel

TIME TRAVEL CONTINUES
Work continues on the time travel project as we move closer to the precibus. 

The study of time continues with increasing intensity at the largest laboratory. Recapping, the first massive experiment of moving an object from a timeline of 1970s forward into the future was successful and analyzed. The techniques employed were by transgression flow method. In this event, the yardstick of time flows only the forward direction, from past to present to future.

The Transgression Flow Method work is now being extrapolated to more distant timelines. A project of TTE or time travel extensions is initiated. This will create sectional extensions to a singular time travel project. By concatenating the collection or collective of TTEs, a longer time travel expanse will be reached. This is thought of as time travel from A to B, from B to C, from C to D and so on. If the final result is Z, then the length of time travel is A to Z, and farther than the sum of the individual time lines.

In another ongoing spinoff technology, we designed the mechanics of a Time Machine V1.0 by harmonic oscillatory method using gravity waves to propel a human forward into time and to have the function to see specific user time line past. This machine is not yet implemented due the excessive G-forces created, which would exceed that human endurance. The design of a suit to counteract these "gravitometric" forces was began and is still in progress. When the suit can counteract the forces of intense gravity, the time machine will be implemented.