FM Radio Station Power Part 12

FM RADIO STATION POWER PART 12

Online mW to W Converter
http://www.rapidtables.com/convert/power/mW_to_Watt.htm

The FM radio station at 100 mW is only .1 watt which is a mere whisper of more powerful radio stations. (1 Watt = 1000 mW)

Relative Power
Measuring the voltage at the antenna can determine the relative power measurement which is useful for tuning, i.e. to a minimal or maximum value. 

Measuring Power
http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/Testgear/rfprobe.htm

http://preciserf.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Appnote-4-Power-tests1.pdf 

From Code of Federal Regulations Telecommunications 47
Part 80 to End, FCC 80.259
"(c) A reserve transmitter must be equipped to measure antenna current. (d) The antenna power must be determined at the operating carrier frequency by the product of the antenna resistance and the square of the average antenna current both measured at the same point in the antenna circuit at approximately ground potential."

How to Measure Amps or Watts With a Multimeter
Measuring Amps
Step 1: Select the "Current" setting on the main dial of the multimeter. Choose a current range high enough for the circuit being tested. For example, if the circuit has a current that you estimate to be around five amps, select the "10 amp" setting instead of the "1 amp" option. Choosing a setting that is too low can overload the multimeter.

Step 2: Insert the leads into the multimeter connections labeled "current." Typically, the black lead should be connected to the "common" port, while the red lead is connected to a port that matches the selected current range. This arrangement varies, depending on the unit. Consult the multimeter labels carefully to confirm that the configuration is correct for measuring current.

Step 3: Place the multimeter leads into the circuit using a series configuration. The electricity must be redirected to flow completely through the multimeter to obtain an accurate reading. Current should usually move into the red lead and exit the black lead.

Step 4: Read the amount of amperage displayed on the multimeter. Remember to consider this number in the context of the selected current range. For example, the number "10.00" may indicate 10 amps on one setting but only 0.01 amps if the multimeter is set to the smaller "milliamps" range.

Measuring Watts
Step 1: Choose the "Voltage" setting on the multimeter dial. As you did when measuring the current, ensure that the appropriate voltage range is selected. It is usually a good idea to select the highest possible voltage range to prevent an overload.

Step 2: Configure the multimeter leads into the ports marked for "voltage." The black lead can usually remain in the "common" position. Move the red lead to the port labeled for the voltage range being tested.

Step 3: Connect the leads to the circuit in a parallel arrangement. The black lead should link to a negative or grounded point, while the red lead should be touched to a point of the circuit you wish to measure. Unlike a current measurement, a voltage test does not need to be completely redirected through the multimeter.

Step 4: Read the number on the multimeter display. As with current, remember to consider the context of the multimeter range setting.

Step 5: Multiply the amount of current and the amount of voltage in a circuit to determine the watts. For example, a motor circuit that uses 5 amps and 12 volts has 60 watts of power.

A SIMPLE POWER DETERMINATION
Use several incrementing known wattage light bulbs as a test to verify basic power operation of the transmitter. The lamp will present a load to the transmitter that's similar to an antenna. This test may provide a visual indication of the power output from the transmitter, and verify operation of the antenna coupler. Use grain of wheat bulbs for milliwatt ratings.

POWER FORMULA
P=EI, P=(I^2)R where E is voltage in volts and I is current in amps

ANTENNA
The antenna is a small circular loop with a 1.75-inch diameter. It's measurement of resistance for the tiny loop antenna is 0 ohms on every scale from 2K to 20M. The multi-strand antenna wire is a total of 6-inches long. This indicates that power output readings and measurements can be made at the antenna coupler with no antenna needed. The coupler is where the antenna attaches to the board.

The next step is to unravel a length of wire equal to a fundamental size of the wavelength and measure its resistance. If the value is still 0, increase the fundamental, from 1/32th wavelength to 1/16th, then repeat again if the wire still has zero resistance. At 1/8th, the antenna may be too long.

FM Radio Station Part 5 Index
http://humanoidolabs.blogspot.tw/2013/12/fm-radio-station-part-5-index.html

Invention Formulation

INVENTION FORMULATION STEPS
Got an idea for a new machine? It's development may not happen overnight. Consider the following steps taken to develop a machine invention from conception to upgrade.

01) Plausibility Consideration
02) Idea Presentation
03) Development
04) Text Workout on Paper
05) Schematic Drawing
06) Starter Code Flowchart
07) Parts Acquisition 
08) Sample Run or Test
09) HW Prototype Constructed
10) Testing
11) Troubleshooting
12) Programming
13) Corrections
14) Improvements
15) App Developments
16) Upgrade

continued...

Big Brain Increases ULT Resolution

PROPELLER POWERED BIG BRAIN

BIG BRAIN INCREASES ULT ULTRA LARGE TELESCOPE RESOLVING POWER BY A QUANTUM LEAP

ULT Stars: 1st Test @ New Larger Diameter

❝MY GOD! IT'S FULL OF STARS!❞

The first star field and planetary tests run at this new highly powerful leap in resolution setting, technique, hardware redesign and instrumentation build has led to discovery within the rings orbiting the globe of planet Saturn. Preliminary pointing the ULT into the stellar abyss has revealed a mind boggling and spectacular number of stars! (see shown image of 1st stellar light at the new increase in telescope size) What's happening here? The ULT has become larger by a quantum leap!

Previously, the ULT was defined by the following equation:

Initial Formula Governing ULT Resolution

R ~ {[1.22 (Lambda)]/[(D1)+(D2subn1,n2,n3...)]}/~P

in the mathematical proportional expression where P is the Penetrator setting (1-10), Lambda is the wavelength of observable light, R is the resolution, D1 is the ULT aperture, D2 is the Adjunct setting, and n is the node. As the Adjunct setting increases, or the wavelength of light decreases, or the aperture increases, or a combination of the above, the resolution of the ULT increases.

The new formula introduces the distance of the Adjunct from the Earth and the distance of the Adjunct from the observational destination. As the distance of the Adjunct decreases to the observational destination, the resolution increases. To calculate the diameter of the ULT, which is based on resolution of the Observational Destination, a comparison is made of the distance to the object. This reworks the proportion as given.

It's recommended to establish a baseline with each Adjunct relative to the Observational Destination. The final analysis determines resolution based on the distance to the Earth which in turn is used to calculate the full aperture. Remember the formula is typically using Arc Radians and may require conversion.

What is the conclusion? This indicates the ULT can be much larger in aperture compared to its original 945-inch design which used only one Adjunct. How much larger? The actual numerical indication is shocking. By adjusting Adjunctive arrays, the telescope can alter and reconfig its full aperture diameter by increasing with a factor of a hundred times. The original 24 meter telescope becomes a 2,400 meter telescope which comes out to about 1.5-mile wide. This is a preliminary estimation and the actual diameter may go into a thousand times larger, thus creating a 24,ooo meter telescope at 15 miles wide, though incredulous at it may seem, the prelim results are indicative of a confirmation of these numbers.

Keep in mind the Universe Penetrator places a (up to) 10X factor on top of this aperture. So the 1.5 mile wide telescope with a 100X Adjunctive becomes 15 miles in diameter, and the 15 mile wide telescope with a 1,oooX Adjunctive becomes 150 miles in diameter. These telescopes can make serious discoveries and perform cutting edge research. The straight resolution of these apertures can be calculated directly with 1.22Lambda/D. 

New Terms
Observational Destination

NULT Resolution

BIG BRAIN'S NULT TELESCOPE LEAPS UP IN RESOLUTION

No longer is the Big Brain's NULT telescope solely dependent of aperture to determine its resolution. In fact, it was and it wasn't. How can the NULT be in two places at the same time? This ability of the NULT to resolve beyond its aperture changed early on in the program with the introduction of the Adjunct, but was not reported due to time restraints and rapid developments of a robust program. The resolution proportion ~ of the NULT is currently

Formula Governing NULT Resolution

R ~ {[1.22 (Lambda)]/[(D1)+(D2subn1,n2,n3...)]}/~P

in the mathematical proportional expression where P is the Penetrator setting (1-10), Lambda is the wavelength of observable light, R is the resolution, D1 is the NULT aperture, D2 is the Adjunct setting, and n is the node. As the Adjunct setting increases, or the wavelength of light decreases, or the aperture increases, or a combination of the above, the resolution of the NULT increases.

Pure Thought

IS PURE THOUGHT WORK OR NO WORK?

Can a "thinking only" Big Brain or Propeller Elf do work? The scenario: a Propeller Elf is given a thinking program, as in calculating a non ending progression of numbers, that continues forever to think, as long as the power is applied within the closed system as a whole. It may become a pseudo perpetual motion or perpetual thinking machine. In this case, is work being performed? It depends on the program and the definition of work. Taking the Physics definition of work, a program that loops, and moves processor bits from point A to point B and back again, is doing no work at all, regardless of how many times it completes full loops. If the code moves processor bits from point A to point B which don't return, work is accomplished. In physics, mechanical work is a scalar quantity that can be described as the product of a force times the distance through which it acts, and it is called the work of the force. In the Prop Elf, the scalar quantity of bits that do mechanical work (become a 0 or a 1) traverse distance through the propagation of electrons in the chips substrate. The conclusion is, the Prop Elf may have two different types of thinking programs, one which is doing work and one that does no work, by definition. One thinking program can also terminate in one state or another, designating work or no work.

Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_(physics) If a constant force of magnitude F acts on a point that moves d in the direction of the force, then the work W done by this force is calculated W=Fd.