Astronauts to Mars

ASTRONAUTS TO MARS
How soon will astronauts go to Mars? Those going on the trip are now making preparations. Several groups are in the race to Mars, including private industry and NASA. China wants to do everything on their own and does not want to participate. Other countries may join in the initiative to putting the first colonists on Mars.

Aiming for Time Travel to the Future
Spacecraft don’t launch directly at Mars; that would use up too much fuel. Instead, spacecraft launch towards the point that Mars is going to be in the future. They start at Earth’s orbit, and then raise their orbit until they intersect the orbit of Mars; right when Mars is at that point. The spacecraft can then land on Mars or go into orbit around it. This journey takes about 250 days.

Looking at the Mars chart, it looks like a very popular place with many USA and Russian spacecraft orbiting and landing there. A good number have failed to reach Mars. The closest Mars is to the Earth is around 35 million miles during a close and favorable opposition. Miss the closer oppositions every two years and the aphelion distance of Mars to the Earth can be a staggering 249 million miles away. The year 2018 is a good year to arrive at Mars when it's only 35.8 million miles away.

Here’s a list of Mars Oppositions from 2007-2020 (source)
Dec. 24, 2007 – 88.2 million km (54.8 million miles)
Jan. 29, 2010 – 99.3 million km (61.7 million miles)
Mar. 03, 2012 – 100.7 million km (62.6 million miles)
Apr. 08, 2014 – 92.4 million km (57.4 million miles)
May. 22, 2016 – 75.3 million km (46.8 million miles)
Jul. 27. 2018 – 57.6 million km (35.8 million miles)
Oct. 13, 2020 – 62.1 million km (38.6 million miles)

Data to the Year 2037
Date of Opposition
Feb 12 1995
Mar 17 1997
Apr 24 1999
Jun 13 2001
Aug 28 2003
Nov 07 2005
Dec 24 2007
Jan 29 2010
Mar 03 2012
Apr 08 2014
May 22 2016
Jul 27 2018
Oct 13 2020
Dec 08 2022
Jan 16 2025
Feb 19 2027
Mar 25 2029
May 04 2031
Jun 27 2033
Sep 15 2035
Nov 19 2037

Date of Closest Encounter
Feb 11 1995
Mar 20 1997
May 01 1999
Jun 21 2001
Aug 27 2003
Oct 30 2005
Dec 18 2007
Jan 27 2010
Mar 05 2012
Apr 14 2014
May 30 2016
Jul 31 2018
Oct 06 2020
Dec 01 2022
Jan 12 2025
Feb 20 2027
Mar 29 2029
May 12 2031
Jul 05 2033
Sep 11 2035
Nov 11 2037

Closest Distance (AUs / Millions of Miles)
0.67569 / 62.8
0.65938 / 61.3
0.57846 / 53.8
0.45017 / 41.8
0.37272 / 34.6
0.46406 / 43.1
0.58935 / 54.8
0.66398 / 61.7
0.67368 / 62.6
0.61756 / 57.4
0.50321 / 46.8
0.38496 / 35.8
0.41492 / 38.6
0.54447 / 50.6
0.64228 / 59.7
0.67792 / 63.0
0.64722 / 60.2
0.55336 / 51.4
0.42302 / 39.3
0.38041 / 35.4
0.49358 / 45.9

Mini Space Shuttle

Mini Shuttle smaller than the X37

BIG MACHINE BRAIN SUGGESTS MINI SPACE SHUTTLE CONSTRUCT

Overall design with cargo bay

Big enough to ferry an astronaut and supplies, small enough for space hoisting by private industry...

We're not sure why the electric machine Big Brain wants one of these. Perhaps it's to carry up a space telescope and parts, to study new machines in space, to assemble something, help save the Earth, rescue an astronaut, act as a life boat for the ISS Space Station, or make trips to the Moon.

The illustrative design is originally based on the X-37 from NASA and the recent X-37b from the USA Air Force. While the X37b is secretive, the proposed mini shuttle would operate for the Big Brain directive. The proposed MS would be substantially smaller than depicted here.

Of course the Experiment bay would be outfitted with astronaut seating, the control panel would be designed for a pilot, and supplies would stow under the seating.

Reentry with fire resistant fabric

The craft would have gliding capabilities during reentry and landing. The Mini Shuttle MS could visit space by riding in the cargo bay of larger rockets and return under its own capability.

Suggestions for enhancing the mini space shuttle craft include solar panels for extended stays in

Docking with the Space Station

space, small size for fit into rocket nose cone, light weight for minimal launch cost, hatch and payload bay doors for space walks/ mini satellite deployments/ observations with a space telescope and storage for extended stays in space (food, water, toilet packaging and ejection system) and air

Equipped for passengers

re-pressurization system for visiting and docking with other spacecraft, space stations, and space hotels.

Deploying solar panels

One design suggestion for the reusable space craft is a heat resistant replaceable fabric for fiery reentries into the Earth's atmosphere. Also the craft could orbit the Moon, observe through telescopes, and deploy tiny satellites and landers to the surface. The MS could also leave behind mini orbiters with capability of telescopes, radio transponders and relay stations.

Another design is for rescue. Maneuvering thrusters enable the craft to go to retrieve an astronaut flung out into space

One pilot

from the space station or other ship or retrieve an astronaut from an error in a space walk. In case of emergency, an astronaut from the space station could space walk to the mini shuttle and return to the Earth. The two passenger seats collapse flat to carry one injured or sick person. The craft could hold three, one of which is the pilot.

It's also determined the craft space could be configured the same size as a small Japanese or Chinese apartment with all spartan yet efficient amenities for longer stays living in space. The craft could also conduct limited space tours of orbital Earth and the Moon, plus offer spectacular sky views in space for not only tourism but scientific research.

Astronaut EVA out of the mini shuttle

LINKS
http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/03/x-37b-expanded-capabilities-iss-missions/

Photo Credits: NASA,
iTunes APP Astronaut Spacewalk by Jorge Hernandez
https://itunes.apple.com/app/astronaut-spacewalk/id540221533?mt=8

Dream Chaser concept

Is the mini shuttle already built in the form of dream chaser? Read more at the links.

http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/12/dream-chaser-ccdev-2-green-light-nasa/

http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/08/dream-chaser-space-shuttles-legacy-advantage/

http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/08/nasa-ccicap-funding-spacex-boeing-sncs-crew-vehicles/

It's possible to send up one astronaut specifically as a systems specialist to repair space equipment when a mini space shuttle is in operation. Astronaut Rick Mastracchio is shown space walking outside the ISS International Space Station. Credit: NASA

"Dream Chaser – which is a reusable lifting body vehicle based on the form of NASA Langley’s HL-20 spaceplane concept from the 1980s – can land on a conventional runway, unlike all of its capsule-based competitors. The plan is for Dream Chaser to land at the Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) at KSC." NASA

The Dream Chaser is a crewed suborbital and orbital^[7] vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing (VTHL) lifting-body spaceplane being developed by Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) Space Systems. The Dream Chaser is designed to carry up to seven people to and from low Earth orbit. The vehicle would launch vertically on an Atlas V rocket and land horizontally on conventional runways. Wikipedia
^{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_Chaser}

Temporary Satellite TSAT

BIG BRAIN INVENTS THE TEMPORARY SERVICE SPACE SATELLITE TSAT

A space satellite can hold a space telescope with 3-inch or smaller optics and observe lunar terrain above the blurring effects of Earth's atmosphere for more clear imaging and study. Having your own Amateur Satellite is mind expanding learning experience that can raise the know-how level of your technology.

Large TSATs could adapt QuadLyzer BASIC Stamp
Homework boards or similar components

DEFINITION
A satellite is defined as an artificial body placed in orbit around the earth or another planet in order to collect information or for communication. The Big Brain has extended this definition to include suborbital path.

SATELLITES
One aspect in the Big Brain Space Program Initiative that could use more development is that of satellites. Years ago, the author's Amateur Space Telescope was developed as a satellite to be hoisted into orbit by the US Space Shuttle with the NASA GetAway Special Program. Satellites are expensive to create, launch, and maintain in orbit. Big Brain has found a way to bypass these complexities and cost, by introducing the temporary service satellite or TSAT.

Solar study with TSAT is possible

TSAT TYPES
There are two types of Big Brain invented TSATs. One is lofted during the Next Space Program and provides data and services during the loft. The next type is the Dropped TSAT. This will provide data and services during the trip from space to the Earth.

TSAT FLIGHT
The TSAT is launched from space and allowed free flight. TSATS can be free fall, gliding, resistive, or have powered flight.

SUBORBITAL
The difference of a TSAT and an orbital satellite is the TSAT is mainly suborbital at this time.

TIME IN SPACE
The amount of time the TSAT remains in space for use is based on a number of conditions, such as the amount of time of free fall, wind resistance, height of release, air pressure, atmospheric re-entry parameters, etc.

LAUNCHING DOMAINS
TSATS are currently capable of launching two space domains - both Micro Space and Next Space.

TSAT APPS
TSATS have use for exploring space, understanding the conditions of atmosphere in lower space, and it can serve to bounce signals or act as a launch platform for other space craft. A TSAT can hold special payloads like a Temporary Space Telescope or TST.

WORLD RECORDS
The TSAT may indeed have the smallest suborbital flight in history. For Micro Space, the suborbital position down-range can be measured by a few feet. For Next Space, based on conditions, the distance can range to several city blocks. Anything launched higher is dependent on additional conditions and the satellite can end up considerably farther down range.

TRAJECTORY
TSATs can go up by various means and drop back to the Earth. Part of the TSAT project is to maximize the satellite's time spent in space. This may include lofting based on the Jet Stream, slow lofting through special gliders in Near Space where a tenuous atmosphere exists and a slowed reentry based on a parachute, streamer or other aerodynamic means.


TSAT FUNCTION
TSATs are generally lofted and dropped in Micro Space and Next Space, providing a temporary service during their reentry trip to the ground.

LOFTED TSATS
Another type of TSAT is one that only goes up and records data and provides services within this range. Thus far, the Lofted TSAT service is provided during the Next Space Program.

TSAT COST
TSATs are relatively inexpensive. Consider, the Big Brain space exploration initiative is many things and always growing and expanding in knowledge, design, and discovery. On aspect is the creation and invention of new designs and crafts that function in space. Being a bare bones cost space exploration program, the Big Brain can offer a ride into space from a cost range of free in Micro Space, to $12 for Next Space, and $5.53 per pound of payload to go up into Near Space. 

How to Go Into Space

BIG BRAIN REVEALS
HOW TO GO INTO SPACE

THE BIG BRAIN reveals how to conduct your own space program and safely go into space, on a hobby shoestring budget and within a reasonable amount of time.

Shanghai: Tall skyscraper machines reach Next Space

There are several ways to get into space, either by telepresence or by physical attendance. Machines and equipment can serve as a proxy in space exploration. A telescope acts like a time machine bringing great distances in space and time closer to home. There are numerous techniques for actually going into space. It depends on what type of space we're considering traveling to.

The Big Brain has defined seven main types of space. Some space is explored by observation only, such as microscopic space. Other space can be explored by the injection of nano machines that can report back with their effectual behaviors. Micro Machines are built within the chip, for example, and can send back observations of the MicroCosmos.

Hong Kong: night aerial photo from atop skyscraper in Next Space

Powerful telescopes, like the Paradigmic Genius Telescope can explore Ultra Space, leading to the EOL Edge of the Universe Boundary of Space Time. Even though Exo Space and Quantum Space is unexplored, great opportunity exists to explore nano space and microscopic inner space, micro space, next space, near space, orbital and solar system space, and ultra space. The Big Brain has found fast, inexpensive, and somewhat ingenious ways to penetrate the mysteries of these cosmic domains.

Taiwan: Jet turbine engine for reaching Near Space

Special techniques, tools and crafts are required to penetrate into the depths of each space domain. Starting with the smallest, nano space is explored by the creation of nanoscopic sized nano machines that exist inside a Propeller chip. The tools to create these nano machines are made of software. Next, microscopic space is explored with the creation of the PMM or Paradigmic Molecular Microscope, built to function with cascading data that penetrate down to the size of molecular structures. Now enter micro space. This great educational domain of space is explored with rockets, helicopters, flying aircraft, gliders, tethers, balloons, kites, parachutes, propelled capsules, instruments and sensors, special forms of propulsion using pressure and forms of potential and kinetic energy. Don't forget, grand exploration can take place in Micro Space with the use of elevator machines, escalators, and mag lift transports that accelerate horizontally off the ground.

Taiwan: Futuristic machine travels through Micro Space

The realm of micro space is vast and can be explored in numerous ways, safely by exercising caution and common sense. Insects, or insectronauts can be launched and returned to the earth. G-forces are measured and 0-G is studied. Next up is next space. A human journey into next space can involve a very tall skyscraper. It's possible to go up 1,555-feet or 1/3rd mile, again, in a relatively safe manner. Many of the machines of micro space can penetrate into next space. While human flight is more defined in next space, it can also happen in micro space. Now enter the vast domain of near space, otherwise known as hobby space. Humans can get into near space most reliably and relatively safe by air travel with passenger jets. One popular method of exploring near space is with balloons that loft robots. All these space programs use methods of aerial imaging to collect data. Some spectacular aerial imaging results from using skyscraper "machines" to gain access to Next Space. Either a top floor accessed by elevator or direct observation points on top of the skyscraper by supervised permission is possible with all safety measures being implemented.

Taiwan: Mall escalators are instrumental in exploring Micro Space

Warning & Disclaimer: On top of skyscrapers, a brisk wind can treat a human like a light-weight sheet of paper and loft the person overboard! So do careful planning as the Big Brain recommends all exploration by window indoors.

Hong Kong: Modern magnetic levitation transports accelerate through Micro Space

Next up is solar system space, going up from orbital space. Orbital space has satellites which can be accessed and utilized. Telescopes become important to explore solar system space. One favorite method utilized by Big Brain is to link satellites together to form powerful machines in space for a new look at space and to create new methods for space exploration. For more information about this approach, see ULT, NULT and PGT.

NASA satellites located in Earth Orbit, Solar System Space, on moons and planets, and in Ultra Space, are paid for by American taxpayers who have free use

Finally, ultra space takes us to the edge of the universe with powerful telescopes like the ULT Ultra Large Telescope, the NULT New Ultra Large Telescope, and the PGT Paradigmic Genius Telescope. These telescopes can create imagery showing great discoveries in space and time. All photos (c) copyright humanoido unless otherwise noted.

Big Brain Space

BIG BRAIN SPACE
Updated - Types of Big Brain project space for exploration

Added the range of Infinitesimal, the human journey into Near Space, the range of low Earth Orbit, and various devices created by the Big Brain Space Program to explore space.

Note there are two space regions currently unexplored by the Big Brain Space Program - Exo Space and Quantum Space. Although the Big Brain Space Program has a minimal hobby status budget, it has drawn upon the ingenuity of using common resources to achieve flight and continue with various forms of exploration within seven defined regions of space, using DIY telescopes, microscopes, country mega projects, and various space crafts.